2022-11-19 Sat 16:09 PM
[[David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf]]
APA:
Martin, D. (2011). *Counseling and therapy skills* (3rd ed.). Waveland Press
## Chapter 1 - the third alternative
- [[Evocative empathy]]
>%%
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ecoming an excellent therapist.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Techniques matter, but the quality of the therapeutic relationship is more important than whatever techniques the therapist uses.== %%POSTFIX%%Norcross and Wampold (201 lb)*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%chniques the therapist uses.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Norcross and Wampold (201 lb) summarize the research literature by saying, "The therapy relationship makes substantial and consistent contributions to psychotherapy outcome independent of the specific type of treatment. The therapy relationship accounts for why clients improve (or fail to improve) at least as much as the particular treatment method" (p. 98).== %%POSTFIX%%Norcross (2010) says, "Indee*
>%%LINK%%[[#^6tl7i8lc8g|show annotation]]
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%is the cornerstone" (p. 114).%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The connection heals.== %%POSTFIX%%It almost seems too simple to*
>%%LINK%%[[#^ieusu8n2kgm|show annotation]]
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^ieusu8n2kgm
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ational skill of psychotherapy.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==It has been my experience that beginning therapists feel they have only two options in responding to their clients. Some see "empathy'' as some kind of warm and supportive reflection of what the client has just said, and others think they need to gather evidence and give advice, reassurance, and clever interpretations. Neither of these approaches works very well,== %%POSTFIX%%but they seem to be the only*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ones that life prepares us for.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==There is a third alternative== %%POSTFIX%%, a skill that will not be easy*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%tarted toward this mastery.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==There seems to be no clear label for this skill, but I think Laura Rice's (1974/2001) "evocative empathy" comes closest. To say it plainly, this skill is the fundamental skill for doing therapy. There will be many other things you will have to do, and there will be many times when evocative empathy is not appropriate, but for any of the other things to work, you must first make your client feel deeply understood, especially at the emotional level.== %%POSTFIX%%I am about to give you a*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%panding on that definition.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Empathy is "communicated understanding of the other person's intended message, especially the experiential/ emotional part." Every word counts in this definition. It is not enough to understand what the person said; you must hear what she meant to say, the intended message. It is not enough to understand, even deeply; you must communicate that understanding somehow. It is absolutely essential that the other person feel understood-that the understanding be perceived== %%POSTFIX%%(Barrett-Lennard, 1993, 1997,*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%you and me) (Greenberg, 2012).%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==You will be listening for what your client is trying to say, and one way you will be doing this is to hear the feelings implicit in his message.== %%POSTFIX%%The business of therapy often i*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%elings implicit in his message.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The business of therapy often involves some pretty painful stuff, and it is easier to talk in cognitive terms. A client might say, "It's not fair when less-qualified people at work are given promotions." At one level, this is an entirely accurate statement of fact about simple justice. Obviously, however, it is a very feelingful message implicitly. Your job as the therapist is to bring the feelings to life in a way that leaves your client with the sense that you understand what was meant. You might say, "I guess you're feeling cheated by that." Let me explain my thinking as the therapist here. There are two steps I went through: First, I had to under-== %%POSTFIX%%Chapter 1 ra The Third Alterna*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%1 ra The Third Alternative 5%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==stand what was meant, and so I was naming to myself several possibilities, such as feeling anger, hurt, and cheated. I tried to get a sense of which of these possible feelings the person wanted me to hear. Second, I had to find the most effective words to let him know that I understood.== %%POSTFIX%%I could have been "behind"*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%let him know that I understood.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==I could have been "behind" him with a simple reflection like, "There's no justice in a situation like that." Although this response wouldn't do any damage, it wouldn't be much help either, because it does nothing with the client's reactions. It is easier to talk about things outside ourselves in objective ways, and this includes the way we talk about feelings. You might have been tempted to word your response as, "That kind of situation can certainly arouse feelings of being cheated." This is more effective than "There's no justice in a situation like that" but less effective than "I guess you're feeling cheated by that." The difference may be subtle, but it is crucial. In one case we are talking about feelings as things, objectively, as though they can be aroused. In the other, we are naming a particular person's particular reaction in the here and now. We are bringing an experience to life.== %%POSTFIX%%You might be thinking that my r*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ed really were less qualified.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==You will have to trust me on this for now, but I guarantee you that the fastest way to get to your clients' truth, and to get there in a way that will help them, is by helping them face the leading edge of what they are trying to say but can't quite say. The critical guideline is the phrase "the intended message."== %%POSTFIX%%Maybe my client does feel more*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%what your clients only implied.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==I hope it is becoming clear that there is a critical region where therapy takes place. If you lead too far, you will get off the track, take over the direction of therapy, threaten your clients into needing their defenses against you, and probably start giving lousy advice. If you just== %%POSTFIX%%6 Part One: Developing Basic S*
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>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%rt One: Developing Basic Skills%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==repeat your clients' words (or worse, are behind them and deaden the process), they might as well be talking to their dog, who probably will do them more good just by being nonjudgmental.== %%POSTFIX%%I'm being too harsh, of cours*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%you will do most of time, when%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==effective therapy requires that you concentrate on making the implicit explicit.== %%POSTFIX%%A question that often arises*
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%e frustrating for both of you.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==If, however, you have "good ears" and can hear what the client is hinting at, you will seldom be repeating the client's words. In one sense, you will be leading, but in another you will not, because the ideas and emotions you articulate will be ones your client is thinking and will recognize them as such.== %%POSTFIX%%One goal of your response is t*
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>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:33:18.170Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:33:18.170Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":29741,"end":29930},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":" One goal of your response is that your clients think, \"Oh, right, exactly, that's just what I meant.\" Or perhaps, \"That is what I'm saying, but it hits hard to hear you put it that way.\"","prefix":"nd will recognize them as such. ","suffix":" They don't always say this out "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%nd will recognize them as such.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==One goal of your response is that your clients think, "Oh, right, exactly, that's just what I meant." Or perhaps, "That is what I'm saying, but it hits hard to hear you put it that way."== %%POSTFIX%%They don't always say this out*
>%%LINK%%[[#^ymy9ovptqw|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^ymy9ovptqw
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:37:26.979Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:37:26.979Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":31573,"end":31740},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"or have just met, your most effective response, the response that will make the other person feel most deeply understood, will be to put into words what she meant.","prefix":"a The Third Alternative 7 well ","suffix":" This means that you will s"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%a The Third Alternative 7 well%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==or have just met, your most effective response, the response that will make the other person feel most deeply understood, will be to put into words what she meant.== %%POSTFIX%%This means that you will s*
>%%LINK%%[[#^f9l6zsgmsld|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^f9l6zsgmsld
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:51:25.584Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:51:25.584Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":32871,"end":32979},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"The empathic therapist, in contrast, sees the client as the source, sees the client as the problem solver.","prefix":" is the source of the solution. ","suffix":" Of course, the empathic ther"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%is the source of the solution.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The empathic therapist, in contrast, sees the client as the source, sees the client as the problem solver.== %%POSTFIX%%Of course, the empathic ther*
>%%LINK%%[[#^psbnzyfq98f|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^psbnzyfq98f
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:51:35.348Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:51:35.348Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":33378,"end":33622},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"The empathic therapist's intent, however, is not to guide the client cleverly toward the truth but to bring the client's experiencing to life, so the client will deal with it and find her own truthaccurately know her own experience.","prefix":"o express your understanding.) ","suffix":" Some of these differences are "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%o express your understanding.)%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The empathic therapist's intent, however, is not to guide the client cleverly toward the truth but to bring the client's experiencing to life, so the client will deal with it and find her own truthaccurately know her own experience.== %%POSTFIX%%Some of these differences are*
>%%LINK%%[[#^wyt114ffgqd|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^wyt114ffgqd
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:52:05.642Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:52:05.642Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":33682,"end":33990},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Karl Menninger, a famous analytically oriented therapist. He says.: \"It is helpful to some young analysts to have it put thus: One tells a patient what the patient almost sees for himself and one tells him in such a way that the patient-not the analyst-takes the 'credit' for the discovery\"","prefix":"are pointed out strikingly by ","suffix":" (1958, p. 134). In some ways, "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%are pointed out strikingly by%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Karl Menninger, a famous analytically oriented therapist. He says.: "It is helpful to some young analysts to have it put thus: One tells a patient what the patient almost sees for himself and one tells him in such a way that the patient-not the analyst-takes the 'credit' for the discovery"== %%POSTFIX%%(1958, p. 134). In some ways,*
>%%LINK%%[[#^afisq9e705c|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^afisq9e705c
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:53:05.833Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:53:05.833Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":34639,"end":35369},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Laura Rice says it well: Evocative reflection is not the same as an interpretation. Although a \"good\" interpretation and a \"good\" evocative response may sound very similar, the aim of the reflection is different; attempts to demonstrate their similarity only serve to blur a worthwhile distinction . . . . The aim of an interpretation is to go beyond the client's statement, to point out patterns and connections, and to offer to the client new ways of viewing his experience. The aim of an evocative reflection is to open up the experience and provide the client with a process whereby he can form successively more accurate constructions of his own experience. (1974, p. 290)","prefix":"t One: Developing Basic Skills ","suffix":" It seems likely that if interpr"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%t One: Developing Basic Skills%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Laura Rice says it well: Evocative reflection is not the same as an interpretation. Although a "good" interpretation and a "good" evocative response may sound very similar, the aim of the reflection is different; attempts to demonstrate their similarity only serve to blur a worthwhile distinction . . . . The aim of an interpretation is to go beyond the client's statement, to point out patterns and connections, and to offer to the client new ways of viewing his experience. The aim of an evocative reflection is to open up the experience and provide the client with a process whereby he can form successively more accurate constructions of his own experience. (1974, p. 290)== %%POSTFIX%%It seems likely that if interpr*
>%%LINK%%[[#^fuelgej9zp6|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^fuelgej9zp6
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:55:56.154Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:55:56.154Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":37102,"end":37422},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"I can be empathic with a person whose presence I can barely stand, who disagrees with me, and for whom I feel no sympathy. It would be difficult, but it could be done, because empathy just says: \"I think I understand what you are trying to say and how you feel, and I would articulate it this way.\"","prefix":" 2011; Irving & Dickson, 2006). ","suffix":" The purpose of empathy is to h"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%2011; Irving & Dickson, 2006).%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==I can be empathic with a person whose presence I can barely stand, who disagrees with me, and for whom I feel no sympathy. It would be difficult, but it could be done, because empathy just says: "I think I understand what you are trying to say and how you feel, and I would articulate it this way."== %%POSTFIX%%The purpose of empathy is to h*
>%%LINK%%[[#^73s0b18g6n|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^73s0b18g6n
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:56:14.220Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:56:14.220Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":37423,"end":37662},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"The purpose of empathy is to help the other person face his experience-to face what he feels and thinks but can't quite look at clearly. In doing this, I am not saying to that person that I see it the same way or that I agree with it.","prefix":" would articulate it this way.\" ","suffix":" I am Chapter 1 ra The Third A"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%would articulate it this way."%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The purpose of empathy is to help the other person face his experience-to face what he feels and thinks but can't quite look at clearly. In doing this, I am not saying to that person that I see it the same way or that I agree with it.== %%POSTFIX%%I am Chapter 1 ra The Third A*
>%%LINK%%[[#^q2c7tuf7wbs|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^q2c7tuf7wbs
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:58:28.171Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:58:28.171Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":39407,"end":39975},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"[Empathy] involve s being sensitive , moment to moment, to the changing felt meanings which flow in this other person, to the fear or rage or tenderness or confusion or whatever, that he/she i s experiencing. It means temporarily living in his/her life , moving about in it delicately without making judgments, sensing meanings of which he/she is scarcely aware, but not trying to uncover feelings of which the person is totally unaware, since this would be too threatening. (Rogers, 1 9 7 5 , p. 4)","prefix":"r wording of the same thought. ","suffix":" He gives a commonsense test for"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%r wording of the same thought.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==[Empathy] involve s being sensitive , moment to moment, to the changing felt meanings which flow in this other person, to the fear or rage or tenderness or confusion or whatever, that he/she i s experiencing. It means temporarily living in his/her life , moving about in it delicately without making judgments, sensing meanings of which he/she is scarcely aware, but not trying to uncover feelings of which the person is totally unaware, since this would be too threatening. (Rogers, 1 9 7 5 , p. 4)== %%POSTFIX%%He gives a commonsense test for*
>%%LINK%%[[#^03rn4ngize4j|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^03rn4ngize4j
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:59:11.807Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:59:11.807Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":40046,"end":40667},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"If the therapist has communicated a superficial understanding of the client's expression, the client' s inner response and perhaps verbal response will be \"Of cours e . That ' s what I just said . \" Clearly, this has not done much to advance self-exploration. When the therapist has communicated an effectively empathic response, the client ' s reaction i s likely to be \"That's exactly right! I didn't suppose anyone could understand what I really meant. Now I wish to tell you some more . \" When the therapist is exceptionally effective and","prefix":"mpathy is accurately sensitive. ","suffix":" 10 Part O·ne: Developing Basi"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%mpathy is accurately sensitive.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==If the therapist has communicated a superficial understanding of the client's expression, the client' s inner response and perhaps verbal response will be "Of cours e . That ' s what I just said . " Clearly, this has not done much to advance self-exploration. When the therapist has communicated an effectively empathic response, the client ' s reaction i s likely to be "That's exactly right! I didn't suppose anyone could understand what I really meant. Now I wish to tell you some more . " When the therapist is exceptionally effective and== %%POSTFIX%%10 Part O·ne: Developing Basi*
>%%LINK%%[[#^w5lvrah78|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^w5lvrah78
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T00:59:18.317Z","updated":"2023-07-08T00:59:18.317Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":40708,"end":41103},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"has caught the subtle meanings on the edge of the client's awareness, the client ' s reaction is likely t o be first a pause, then a gradual appreciation: \"Ye s, I think you're right! I had never thought of it in just that way before, but that is what I've been feeling and experiencing. And now I see some more . \" (Rogers, 1 9 8 0 , p . 2 1 5 5 ) ","prefix":" O·ne: Developing Basic Skills ","suffix":" There is an old and not very "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%O·ne: Developing Basic Skills%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==has caught the subtle meanings on the edge of the client's awareness, the client ' s reaction is likely t o be first a pause, then a gradual appreciation: "Ye s, I think you're right! I had never thought of it in just that way before, but that is what I've been feeling and experiencing. And now I see some more . " (Rogers, 1 9 8 0 , p . 2 1 5 5 )== %%POSTFIX%%There is an old and not very*
>%%LINK%%[[#^0gmyp89tmleg|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^0gmyp89tmleg
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:02:39.981Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:02:39.981Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":44812,"end":45280},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"One goal of therapy is the client's independence, however, and it really did please me when one client said, \"I did this myself. You never did anything but repeat back what I said, but you said it a little stronger.\" Perfect. I was doing more than saying things \"a little stronger,\" of course; I was putting into words what he had only implied. But I was glad that he perceived what I said as really his message, just said with more impact.","prefix":" had been working pretty hard. ","suffix":" One last thought about therapy "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%had been working pretty hard.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==One goal of therapy is the client's independence, however, and it really did please me when one client said, "I did this myself. You never did anything but repeat back what I said, but you said it a little stronger." Perfect. I was doing more than saying things "a little stronger," of course; I was putting into words what he had only implied. But I was glad that he perceived what I said as really his message, just said with more impact.== %%POSTFIX%%One last thought about therapy*
>%%LINK%%[[#^y1aoq03ecya|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^y1aoq03ecya
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:03:45.119Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:03:45.119Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":46481,"end":46573},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"The \"core conditions\" are accurate empathy, respect for the client, and genuineness","prefix":"naerschot & Lietaer, 2007). ","suffix":". I have already discussed empat"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%naerschot & Lietaer, 2007).%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The "core conditions" are accurate empathy, respect for the client, and genuineness== %%POSTFIX%%. I have already discussed empat*
>%%LINK%%[[#^swflr1nznp8|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^swflr1nznp8
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:05:40.661Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:05:40.661Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":47807,"end":48718},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Levels 1 and 2 on Carkhuff's rating scale describe nonempathic behavior, and so I will discuss them later. Briefly, a \"l\" is a response from the therapist's frame of reference that ignores the client's message, and a \"2\" is an attempt to understand that responds to the client's message but in a way that lessens its impact. Level 3 is what I would call a response right at or slightly behind where the client is working: the therapist responds only to the explicitly stated content and feeling of the client's response. Level 3. The expressions of the fi rst person (therapist) in response to the expressed feelings of the second person(s) (client) are essentially interchangeable with those of the second person in that they express essentially the same affect and meaning. (Carkhuff, 1 9 6 9 , p . 3 1 6 )","prefix":"y to Describe Empathic Behavior ","suffix":" This level of responding is of"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%y to Describe Empathic Behavior%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Levels 1 and 2 on Carkhuff's rating scale describe nonempathic behavior, and so I will discuss them later. Briefly, a "l" is a response from the therapist's frame of reference that ignores the client's message, and a "2" is an attempt to understand that responds to the client's message but in a way that lessens its impact. Level 3 is what I would call a response right at or slightly behind where the client is working: the therapist responds only to the explicitly stated content and feeling of the client's response. Level 3. The expressions of the fi rst person (therapist) in response to the expressed feelings of the second person(s) (client) are essentially interchangeable with those of the second person in that they express essentially the same affect and meaning. (Carkhuff, 1 9 6 9 , p . 3 1 6 )== %%POSTFIX%%This level of responding is of*
>%%LINK%%[[#^0gkeatuig2k8|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^0gkeatuig2k8
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:06:03.287Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:06:03.287Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":48948,"end":49284},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"This kind of response is not bad; it is just minimally facilitative. It can express the therapist's interest in a nonthreatening way and set the stage for later exploration. It is often the most appropriate response to make. The therapist who always responds at this level, however, will have disappointing results.","prefix":"licit in the client's response. ","suffix":" Level 4. The responses of t"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%licit in the client's response.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==This kind of response is not bad; it is just minimally facilitative. It can express the therapist's interest in a nonthreatening way and set the stage for later exploration. It is often the most appropriate response to make. The therapist who always responds at this level, however, will have disappointing results.== %%POSTFIX%%Level 4. The responses of t*
>%%LINK%%[[#^52qh7oxkst3|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^52qh7oxkst3
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:06:15.321Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:06:15.321Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":49285,"end":49525},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Level 4. The responses of the first person add noticeably to the expre ssions of the second person(s) in such a way a s to express feelings a level deeper than the second person was able to express himself. (p. 3 1 6 )","prefix":"ill have disappointing results. ","suffix":" Here the therapist is adding at"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ill have disappointing results.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Level 4. The responses of the first person add noticeably to the expre ssions of the second person(s) in such a way a s to express feelings a level deeper than the second person was able to express himself. (p. 3 1 6 )== %%POSTFIX%%Here the therapist is adding at*
>%%LINK%%[[#^vm99z9f7cm|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^vm99z9f7cm
>%%
>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%client was trying to say.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The client might have said, for example, "When I left home, my mother didn't even say goodbye." A level-3 response to the explicit content might have been, "Not even a good-bye at a time when good-byes were called for." The more deeply empathic therapist would have responded to the whole message, hearing nonverbal clues to what the client meant, clues we can't hear or see on paper. "Sounds like you were standing there waiting . . . for a good-bye that would mean she cared and then felt pretty empty when not even that came."== %%POSTFIX%%Level 5. The fi rst person's*
>%%LINK%%[[#^vkvo1cuj8lc|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^vkvo1cuj8lc
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:07:58.907Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:07:58.907Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":50317,"end":51619},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Level 5. The fi rst person's responses add significantly to the fe eling and meaning of the expressions of the second person(s) in such a way as to ( 1 ) accurately express feelings below what the person himself was able to express or ( 2 ) in the event of ongoing deep selfexploration on the second person's part, to be fully with him in his deepest moment s . (p. 3 1 7) The differences between levels 4 and 5 are largely differences in the degree to which the therapist has accurately added to the client's message; a \"5\" brings the message to vivid life, restating it with precision, deep feeling, and the unique nuances that are part of the client's experience. It is critical that level-5 responses must still be responses to the client's intended communication if they are to be defined as empathic. An example of a level-5 response is almost impossible to give in print because so much depends on the client's deep experiencing at the moment. If our client said, \"When I left home, my mother didn't even say good-bye,\" the therapist might say, '¼t that moment, it was like you never had a mother.\" This is well beyond what the client said, but if it accurately captures her meaning, it would be very powerful.","prefix":"mpty when not even that came.\" ","suffix":" Going beyond what the clien"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%mpty when not even that came."%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Level 5. The fi rst person's responses add significantly to the fe eling and meaning of the expressions of the second person(s) in such a way as to ( 1 ) accurately express feelings below what the person himself was able to express or ( 2 ) in the event of ongoing deep selfexploration on the second person's part, to be fully with him in his deepest moment s . (p. 3 1 7) The differences between levels 4 and 5 are largely differences in the degree to which the therapist has accurately added to the client's message; a "5" brings the message to vivid life, restating it with precision, deep feeling, and the unique nuances that are part of the client's experience. It is critical that level-5 responses must still be responses to the client's intended communication if they are to be defined as empathic. An example of a level-5 response is almost impossible to give in print because so much depends on the client's deep experiencing at the moment. If our client said, "When I left home, my mother didn't even say good-bye," the therapist might say, "In that moment, it was like you never had a mother." This is well beyond what the client said, but if it accurately captures her meaning, it would be very powerful.== %%POSTFIX%%Going beyond what the clien*
>%%LINK%%[[#^4vxqed9z1n5|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^4vxqed9z1n5
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:08:49.668Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:08:49.668Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":51621,"end":51909},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Going beyond what the client can recognize as part of the message is going into interpretations. Accurate level-5 responses may be the most therapeutic, but they require considerable finesse at hearing the client accurately, and they are not common, even in the best therapy.","prefix":"it would be very powerful. ","suffix":" When the therapist goes beyo1"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%it would be very powerful.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Going beyond what the client can recognize as part of the message is going into interpretations. Accurate level-5 responses may be the most therapeutic, but they require considerable finesse at hearing the client accurately, and they are not common, even in the best therapy.== %%POSTFIX%%When the therapist goes beyo1*
>%%LINK%%[[#^5eyey93iw8w|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^5eyey93iw8w
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:10:08.976Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:10:08.976Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":52503,"end":52858},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Level 1 . The verbal and behavioral expressions of the first person either do not attend to or detract significantly from the verbal and behavioral expre ssions of the second person(s) in that they communicate significantly less of the second person's fe elings than the second person has communicated himself. . . .","prefix":" they are not the most helpful. ","suffix":" The first person may be 14 "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%they are not the most helpful.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Level 1 . The verbal and behavioral expressions of the first person either do not attend to or detract significantly from the verbal and behavioral expre ssions of the second person(s) in that they communicate significantly less of the second person's fe elings than the second person has communicated himself. . . .== %%POSTFIX%%The first person may be 14*
>%%LINK%%[[#^qo9n3wvod6|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^qo9n3wvod6
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:10:30.137Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:10:30.137Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":53292,"end":53853},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"evel 2. While the first person responds to the expressed feelings of the second person(s), he does so in such a way that subtracts noticeable affect from the communications of the second person. The first person may communicate some awareness of obvious surface feelings of the second person but his communications drain off a level of the affect and distort the level of meaning. The first person may communicate his own ideas of what may be going on but these are not congruent with the expressions of the second person. (p. 315) ","prefix":" what the client communicates. L","suffix":"Level-2 responses will slip "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%what the client communicates. L%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==evel 2. While the first person responds to the expressed feelings of the second person(s), he does so in such a way that subtracts noticeable affect from the communications of the second person. The first person may communicate some awareness of obvious surface feelings of the second person but his communications drain off a level of the affect and distort the level of meaning. The first person may communicate his own ideas of what may be going on but these are not congruent with the expressions of the second person. (p. 315)== %%POSTFIX%%Level-2 responses will slip*
>%%LINK%%[[#^7ar3y4n87cm|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
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>%%TAGS%%
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^7ar3y4n87cm
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>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T01:12:39.543Z","updated":"2023-07-08T01:12:39.543Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":55092,"end":55136},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Do whatever makes your client feel known.","prefix":"ore fours into your responses.\" ","suffix":" We will explore ways to do thi"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ore fours into your responses."%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Do whatever makes your client feel known.== %%POSTFIX%%We will explore ways to do thi*
>%%LINK%%[[#^v5z9p0wkhpn|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^v5z9p0wkhpn
## Chapter 2 - learning to hear
> Laura Rice says, "The first principle for evocative responding is that the therapist should listen for and respond to reactions, either explicit or implicit" (1974, p. 30 3).
> One helpful way to think of the client's message is to imagine it at three levels:
> (1) What is the story?
> (2) What are the implications of the story? and
> (3) What is the impact of the story on the client?
> The most powerful part of the message to hear is the third one. Many students find the word "impact" especially helpful in knowing what to listen for. How is this hitting the client?
> Weare taught to listenfortheemotion ... how the perso n is feeling. I thinkthe difficulty with this stems from the fact that emoi ton is a loaded word for a few reasons: 1. People don't know emotion words, how to label them, or how to talk about them. 2. Emotions tend to scare a lot of people... they shy away from them. 3 . We feel pressure (although we shouldn't) to respond after every statement, and we don't have enough emotion wordsfor that. I thinkthe word impactopens up more options for the response.
> Your responses seldomactually involve emotion words.They are often observations about how a storyand sit uation is making the client feel at that moment .... "that really touches you"; ''that hurts."
> I'll have to convince you later of the validity of this next statement but for now go along with me.: your clients will try to talk about the things they need to talk about, and so you will not have to direct the topic of conversation. This may mean you will talk about issues in the present or in the past; that's not the point. What matters most are reac tions in the here and now.
> your intellect has served you well and has gotten you this far in the educational system, but in becoming a great therapist, your intellect is going to be a mixed bless ing. You need other, more intuitive sensing abilities. If you just try to "figure out" your clients cognitively, you're going to be terrible. We'll return to this issue many times; you need to attune yourself to your cli ents' experiencing.
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T17:45:55.925Z","updated":"2023-07-08T17:45:55.925Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":55213,"end":55368},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Responding effectively requires two abilities: you must be able to hear well and then you must be quick enough to articulate what you have heard.","prefix":" chapters. Two Learning to Hear ","suffix":" In addition, responding effec"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%chapters. Two Learning to Hear%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Responding effectively requires two abilities: you must be able to hear well and then you must be quick enough to articulate what you have heard.== %%POSTFIX%%In addition, responding effec*
>%%LINK%%[[#^mgc35ou2tn|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^mgc35ou2tn
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:26:46.497Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:26:46.497Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":56646,"end":56945},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":". Your job is going to be to hear subtle nuances and the complexities of unique experiences. A psychiatrist I know says he can spot the new psychiatric residents who will be able to do therapy because they have a natural empathy that he doesn't think the others will be able to learn.","prefix":"s anger, fear, and happiness","suffix":" I don't think the issue is qui"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%s anger, fear, and happiness%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==. Your job is going to be to hear subtle nuances and the complexities of unique experiences. A psychiatrist I know says he can spot the new psychiatric residents who will be able to do therapy because they have a natural empathy that he doesn't think the others will be able to learn.== %%POSTFIX%%I don't think the issue is qui*
>%%LINK%%[[#^x8ydgx02iid|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^x8ydgx02iid
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:27:12.093Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:27:12.093Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":57153,"end":57417},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"I can remember listening to a tape of one of the therapists who trained me and thinking, \"Where did he get that? She didn't say that,\" when he responded to a client. The client answered something like \"Exactly,\" and I knew I had a long way to go. ","prefix":" your other therapeutic skills. ","suffix":"15 16 Part O·ne: Developing Bas"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%your other therapeutic skills.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==I can remember listening to a tape of one of the therapists who trained me and thinking, "Where did he get that? She didn't say that," when he responded to a client. The client answered something like "Exactly," and I knew I had a long way to go.== %%POSTFIX%%15 16 Part O·ne: Developing Bas*
>%%LINK%%[[#^stjjip3ht7|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^stjjip3ht7
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>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:30:19.431Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:30:19.431Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":57461,"end":57483},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Basic Listening Skills","prefix":"O·ne: Developing Basic Skills M ","suffix":" I have started this book at a f"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%O·ne: Developing Basic Skills M%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Basic Listening Skills== %%POSTFIX%%I have started this book at a f*
>%%LINK%%[[#^xy42d056of|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^xy42d056of
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:30:25.764Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:30:25.764Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":57777,"end":57861},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"The first requirement for listening is that you pay attention to the other person.","prefix":"sic listening skills. Attending ","suffix":" This may seem obvious, but many"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%sic listening skills. Attending%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==The first requirement for listening is that you pay attention to the other person.== %%POSTFIX%%This may seem obvious, but many*
>%%LINK%%[[#^c6vezval6sr|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^c6vezval6sr
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:30:43.600Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:30:43.600Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":59964,"end":60148},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Your goal is to make the client feel understood, and one way to do this, as he explores and thinks and feels, is to use short responses that simply say \"I am with you, keep going.\"","prefix":"lpful. Acknowledgment Responses ","suffix":" Phrases like \"I see . . . I u"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%lpful. Acknowledgment Responses%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Your goal is to make the client feel understood, and one way to do this, as he explores and thinks and feels, is to use short responses that simply say "I am with you, keep going."== %%POSTFIX%%Phrases like "I see . . . I u*
>%%LINK%%[[#^ff1ma6z95pj|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^ff1ma6z95pj
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>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:31:03.597Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:31:03.597Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":60417,"end":60625},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"cknowledgment responses can include nods of the head and gestures. Acknowledgment responses say \"I understand,\" but they don't prove it. The proof of understanding comes from articulated responses.","prefix":"ing the client just said. A","suffix":" Maintenance Responses Probably "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%ing the client just said. A%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==cknowledgment responses can include nods of the head and gestures. Acknowledgment responses say "I understand," but they don't prove it. The proof of understanding comes from articulated responses.== %%POSTFIX%%Maintenance Responses Probably*
>%%LINK%%[[#^u8ujs9rm4fb|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^u8ujs9rm4fb
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:31:21.057Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:31:21.057Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":60648,"end":60915},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"Probably the most frequent therapist response is the \"maintenance response\" (Rice, 1974/2001). These are level-3 responses from Carkhuff's rating scale; they are essentially interchangeable with what the client has said, both in feelin,g and in content.","prefix":"esponses. Maintenance Responses ","suffix":" Sometimes maintenance respons"}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%esponses. Maintenance Responses%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==Probably the most frequent therapist response is the "maintenance response" (Rice, 1974/2001). These are level-3 responses from Carkhuff's rating scale; they are essentially interchangeable with what the client has said, both in feelin,g and in content.== %%POSTFIX%%Sometimes maintenance respons*
>%%LINK%%[[#^wkhgbrzkev|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^wkhgbrzkev
>%%
>```annotation-json
>{"created":"2023-07-08T23:33:00.989Z","updated":"2023-07-08T23:33:00.989Z","document":{"title":"David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","link":[{"href":"urn:x-pdf:92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},{"href":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf"}],"documentFingerprint":"92b7de6c0d2f4e938e8da36c335a48c3"},"uri":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","target":[{"source":"vault:/z.Attachments/-Papers and books/David Martin 2016 - Counseling and Therapy Skills.pdf","selector":[{"type":"TextPositionSelector","start":61852,"end":62229},{"type":"TextQuoteSelector","exact":"I agree that later in therapy the therapist will be using more complete and evocative language; an outside observer might say the therapist was being more \"additive.\" Relative to th e clie n t , however, the therapist is working similarly in both instances. The goal is the same for the early as for the later responses-to articulate the intended message","prefix":"and generally later in therapy. ","suffix":". It's difficult to do, but you "}]}]}
>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%and generally later in therapy.%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==I agree that later in therapy the therapist will be using more complete and evocative language; an outside observer might say the therapist was being more "additive." Relative to th e clie n t , however, the therapist is working similarly in both instances. The goal is the same for the early as for the later responses-to articulate the intended message== %%POSTFIX%%. It's difficult to do, but you*
>%%LINK%%[[#^wm3frz0l82|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
^wm3frz0l82
>%%
>```annotation-json
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>```
>%%
>*%%PREFIX%%articulate the intended message%%HIGHLIGHT%% ==. It's difficult to do, but you need to be able to sense what it is that the client wants you to hear, what she is trying to say.== %%POSTFIX%%Early in therapy, this will o*
>%%LINK%%[[#^2ffg7lneequ|show annotation]]
>%%COMMENT%%
>
>%%TAGS%%
>
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